Maximize The Stability & Security of Your Snatch Overhead PositionGreg Everett 

This is a subject near and dear to my heart… which is black with rage in reaction to all the incredibly bad advice out there. Of course I’m joking—how you hold a bar over your head is your business, but my business is helping you do it the best way possible, so let’s team up and make your dreams come true.

There are a few simple things the snatch overhead position needs to accomplish:

• Stability (wrists, elbows and shoulders)
• Comfort (i.e. it’s painless)
• Balance (of the bar over the body and of the body-bar complex as a whole)

Keep in mind that each individual lifter will have certain anatomical peculiarities that will influence exactly what the overhead position looks like—but this will nearly invariably involve very minor differences among lifters, none of which actually diverge from the recommendations that follow. In other words, the criteria described will all still be met—these criteria aren’t precise measurements and angles, but positions that can be achieved by anyone, excepting of course serious mobility restrictions.


Bar & Head

The barbell should be positioned vertically over the base of the neck, i.e. where your neck and traps meet, with the head pushed forward through the arms a bit (not to an extreme degree and not tilted down significantly), and the trunk should be inclined forward very slightly. With the correct overhead position, you should be able to lower the bar in a vertical line to the top of your traps and press it straight back up into the correct position without any part of your body moving but your arms.


The bar should be over the base of the neck with the head pushed forward slightly.


Grip Width

First of all, you can’t have a solid overhead position if your grip width is problematic—you’re setting yourself up for failure. My starting point for determining grip width in the snatch is simple—with the bar hanging at arms’ length, it should rest in the crease of the hips.

From this starting point, adjustments can be made to accommodate unusual proportions, i.e. short torso and long legs/arms. For proportions significantly outside the norm, the bar may not be able to contact in the crease of the hip.

Excessive grip width is less stable overhead, with more tendency for the lifter to miss snatches behind, harder on the wrists and elbows, and limits how well the shoulders can be locked into place, while too narrow a grip can limit mobility overhead and prevent secure locking of the elbows and shoulders.


Upper Back

The T-spine should be extended (i.e. flattened) and locked into place along with the rest of the trunk through pressurization and muscular effort. Forward rounding of the upper back is already placing the shoulders in a compromised position and preventing security for the arms.


Shoulders

The shoulder blades should be retracted and somewhat upwardly rotated—not shrugged up, although it will appear they’re shrugged slightly in the correct position. The easiest way to achieve this position is to simply squeeze the upper inside edges of the shoulder blades together forcefully—this will create the retraction and upward rotation we want. This should be an active, forceful position—this is your base, and without its security and stability, the rest of the position can’t be stable.


The shoulder blades should be retracted and upwardly rotated - squeeze the upper inside edges together forcefully.


Elbows & Arm Rotation

The elbows need to be completely extended, and aggressively. Not mostly extended, not kind of extended… extended. If you have an issue with hyperextension, you need to strengthen your arms to support the elbow better.

Internal vs. external rotation of the arms overhead is a point of contention lately online, but there really isn’t any ambiguity in practice—the arms should be about neutral in terms of IR/ER, i.e. about midway between complete internal and complete external rotation. The simple way to create this position and/or visualize it is to orient the bony point of the elbow about halfway between straight down toward the floor and straight back. Remember, the precise degree of rotation will vary slightly among lifters, but never should it be extreme in either direction.


The arms should be neutral in terms of internal/external rotation - the bony points of the elbows oriented about halfway between straight down and straight back.


Hands & Wrists

The bar should be in the palms with the wrist partially extended so that the heel of the palm is facing upward more than forward, with the bar positioned over the forearm slightly behind its midline. Think of this position like the cradle of a squat rack.

The grip should only be as tight as necessary to maintain control of the bar and preserve the correct hand and wrist position. Excessive grip tension will limit the speed of elbow extension and also the ultimate degree of extension.

The hook grip should only be used overhead if you’re able to achieve the proper position with it—if not, you need to learn to release the hook in the turnover of the snatch.


The wrists should be somewhat extended to direct the heel of the palm more upward than forward, the bar slightly behind the midline of the forearm, and the grip only as tight as needed for control.


Practice

When achieving or holding the overhead position, always rely on the upper back and shoulder blades as your foundation. Lock the shoulder blades in place forcefully to create a stable base from which the arms can extend securely. Extend the elbows completely and reach the palms up through the bar—don’t choke it to death.

Practice and refine this position with every single overhead rep you do—the more you practice it, the sooner it will become second nature and give you that stable, consistent overhead position you’ve always wanted. If you’re lazy on your warm-up reps, guess what—your overhead position will suffer because the majority of your volume is being done with a suboptimal, sloppy overhead position. This isn’t complicated, it just takes work.